![]() ![]() One of the goals of Pākehā anti-racist groups of the 1980s was to enable Pākehā to see their own culture as such, rather than thinking what they did was normal and what other people did was 'ethnic' and strange. Within Pākehā culture there are also sub-cultures derived from Irish, Italian and other European groups, as well as various non-ethnic subcultures. Another distinctive trait of Pākehā culture has been the egalitarian tradition, as opposed to the British class system. The largely rural life in early New Zealand led to the image of New Zealanders being rugged, industrious problem solvers. Yet there was a common perception that people born in New Zealand were likely to be physically stronger and more adaptable than people in Britain. Until about the 1950s many Pākehā saw themselves as British people, and retained strong cultural ties to "Mother England". Pākehā culture (usually synonymous with New Zealand European culture) derives mainly from that of the European (mostly British) settlers who colonised New Zealand in the 19th century. Pākehā (New Zealand European) culture Ī beach barbecue – an established part of New Zealand culture New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, Waitangi Day and Anzac Day, and also celebrates holidays during or close to the anniversaries of the founding dates of each province. Many citizens prefer to minimise ethnic divisions, simply calling themselves New Zealanders or, informally, " Kiwis". The development of a New Zealand identity and national character, separate from the British colonial identity, is most often linked with the period surrounding World War I, which gave rise to the concept of the Anzac spirit. Non-Māori Polynesian cultures are apparent, with Pasifika, the world's largest Polynesian festival, now an annual event in Auckland. More recently, New Zealand culture has been broadened by globalisation and immigration from the Pacific Islands, East Asia and South Asia. Pākehā culture became prevalent after the wars, but after sustained political efforts, biculturalism and the Treaty of Waitangi became part of the school curriculum in the late 20th century, to promote understanding between Māori and Pākehā. Pākehā began to forge a separate identity influenced by their pioneering history, a rural lifestyle and New Zealand's unique environment. These ties were weakened by the demise of the British Empire and loss of special access to British meat and dairy markets. Engraving, 1863.Įuropean New Zealanders ( Pākehā), despite their location far from Europe, retained strong cultural ties to "Mother England". With mass migration from Europe, a high Māori death rate and low life expectancy for Māori women, the indigenous population figure dropped between 18, becoming a minority.Ī meeting of European and Māori inhabitants of Hawke's Bay Province. Māori retained their identity, mostly choosing to live separately from settlers and continuing to speak and write te reo Māori. However, after several incidents, the New Zealand Wars broke out from 1845, with Māori suffering a loss of land, partly through confiscation, but mainly through widespread and extensive land sales. In 1840 Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, intended to enable the tribes to live peacefully with the colonists. European colonists had a dramatic effect on the Māori, bringing Christianity, advanced technology, the English language, numeracy and literacy. Regular European contact began from 1800, and British immigration proceeded rapidly, especially from 1855. At some point, a group of Māori migrated to Rēkohu, now known as the Chatham Islands, where they developed their distinct Moriori culture. Māori established separate tribes, built fortified villages ( pā), hunted and fished, traded commodities, developed agriculture, arts and weaponry, and kept a detailed oral history. Over the ensuing centuries of Polynesian expansion and settlement, Māori culture developed from its Polynesian roots. Polynesian explorers reached the islands between 12. ![]() More recent immigration from the Pacific, East Asia, and South Asia has also added to the cultural melting pot. Māori culture also influenced the colonists and a distinctive Pākehā or New Zealand European culture has evolved. British colonists in the 19th century brought Western culture and had a dramatic effect on the indigenous inhabitants, spreading Western religious traditions and the English language. The country's earliest inhabitants brought with them customs and language from Polynesia, and during the centuries of isolation, developed their own Māori and Moriori cultures. The culture of New Zealand is a synthesis of home-grown and imported cultures. ![]()
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