![]() ![]() The ecological dynamics of this group are poorly understood. On more exposed, subxeric sites, chestnut oak ( Quercus montana) and scarlet oak ( Quercus coccinea) are common co-dominants, and ericaceous shrubs such as mountain laurel ( Kalmia latifolia) prevail in the lower layers. On submesic sites, co-dominant hardwoods include white oak ( Quercus alba), northern red oak ( Quercus rubra), hickories ( Carya spp.), tulip-tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera), and eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis). These forests become much more local eastward in the Piedmont. Communities in this group occur throughout the Virginia mountains, but are especially prevalent on low shale knobs of the west-central Ridge and Valley region. In pure stands white pine is a fast-growing, early successional invader of disturbed habitats, but it is long-lived, shade-tolerant and apparently persistent in more successionally stable mixed forests. Similar forests occur from the western Great Lakes to the northeastern United States and south to the southern Appalachian Mountains. Mixed forests characterized by co-dominance of eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus) and hardwoods constitute this ecological group. Your browser does not support JavaScript! Summary of Procedures for Collection & Analysis of Vegetation Data.Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Aquatic Beds.Tidal Freshwater and Oligohaline Aquatic Beds.Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marshes.Saturated Peatlands of the Coastal Plain.Coastal Plain / Piedmont Seepage Swamps.Coastal Plain Depression Swamps and Ponds.Non-Alluvial Wetlands of the Coastal Plain & Piedmont.Piedmont / Mountain Small-Stream Alluvial Forests.Piedmont / Mountain Floodplain Forests and Swamps.Coastal Plain / Piedmont Bottomland Forests. ![]() Sandy Woodlands of the Coastal Plain and Outer Piedmont.Lichen / Bryophyte Nonvascular Cliffs and Boulderfields.Piedmont Oak - Hickory Woodlands, Savannas, and Grasslands.Limestone / Dolostone Woodlands and Barrens.Low-Elevation Woodlands, Barrens, and Rock Outcrops.Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak - Beech / Heath Forests.Montane Mixed Oak and Oak - Hickory Forests.Montane Dry and Dry-Mesic Calcareous Forests.Low-Elevation Dry and Dry-Mesic Forests.High-Elevation Boulderfield Forests and Woodlands.Southern Appalachian Shrub and Grass Balds.High-Elevation Forests, Grasslands, and Rock Outcrops.Overview of VA Physiography & Vegetation.Structure of the Virginia Natural Community Classification.Home » Natural Heritage » Natural Communities » Eastern White Pine - Hardwood Forests The Natural Communities of VirginiaĬlassification of Ecological Groups and Community Types Third Approximation (Version 3.3) Information current as of March 2021Ĭlassification of Ecological Groups and Community Types ![]()
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